Mental Health
Panic attacks and panic disorder
Also known as: Panic attack, Panic disorder, Related agoraphobia
Panic attacks and panic disorder condition guide: symptoms, causes, prevention, and when to seek care. Educational only — not a diagnosis.
Overview
A panic attack is a sudden wave of intense fear—racing heart, trouble breathing, dizziness, sweating, or fear of dying/losing control. Panic disorder means repeated attacks plus fear of the next attack or avoidance of places. It often responds to CBT (including coping skills) and medicines.
Symptoms
- Sudden intense fear peaking within minutes
- Racing heart or chest pain
- Shortness of breath or feeling smothered
- Trembling, sweating, or dizziness
- Fear of dying or “going crazy”
- Avoiding markets, buses, or crowded places
Causes
A mix of genetics, stress, and body sensitivity to fear sensations. Sometimes starts after major stress. Heart/lung problems can mimic symptoms—so clinical assessment matters.
Treatment (general information)
CBT and breathing skills; SSRIs/SNRIs; sometimes short-term medicines under supervision. Do not ignore new chest pain—get checked first.
Prevention
Cut caffeine and alcohol, sleep well, learn breathing skills early. Stick with treatment to reduce relapse.
When to see a doctor
After a first attack, contact a clinic. Emergency: severe chest pain, major shortness of breath, or thoughts of self-harm.
Frequently asked questions
- Can a panic attack kill someone?
- The attack itself is not usually fatal, but symptoms need checking to rule out heart or lung disease.
- Is agoraphobia related?
- Often yes—fear of places where escape is hard if an attack comes.