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Mental Health

Overview of anxiety disorders

Also known as: Anxiety, Chronic worry, Anxiety conditions

Overview of anxiety disorders condition guide: symptoms, causes, prevention, and when to seek care. Educational only — not a diagnosis.

Overview

Ordinary anxiety helps people avoid danger. Anxiety disorders arise when worry is too intense, lasts too long, or blocks work, school, or relationships. Common types include generalised anxiety, specific phobias, social anxiety, panic attacks, agoraphobia, and trauma-related conditions such as PTSD. They often respond well to counselling and/or medicines.

Symptoms

  • Worry or fear out of proportion to real danger
  • Muscle tension, racing heart, sweating, or trembling
  • Poor sleep or fatigue
  • Avoiding places or situations that trigger fear
  • Persistent “what if” thinking about bad outcomes
  • Trouble concentrating at work or school

Causes

Genetics, brain chemistry, environment, stress, and sometimes physical illness or medicines. A family history of anxiety or depression raises risk.

Treatment (general information)

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and relaxation skills help many people. Medicines such as SSRIs/SNRIs are used for many cases; short-acting anti-anxiety medicines need care. Exercise, better sleep, and cutting caffeine/alcohol can help.

Prevention

Manage stress early, avoid substance misuse, and seek help before anxiety becomes chronic. Family and friends can encourage care-seeking.

When to see a doctor

Seek help if anxiety lasts weeks, blocks work/school, or comes with thoughts of self-harm. Get emergency care for severe attacks with chest pain or fainting.

Frequently asked questions

Is anxiety a “weakness”?
No. It is a treatable health condition. Many people improve with support.
Are medicines alone enough?
Sometimes. For many people, counselling plus medicine works best.
Can anxiety signal a physical illness?
Sometimes—for example thyroid problems, blood sugar changes, or medicine effects. A clinic can check.

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