Sexual health
Syphilis
Also known as: Treponema infection, Lues
Syphilis condition guide: symptoms, causes, prevention, and when to seek care. Educational only — not a diagnosis.
Overview
Syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum bacteria. It often starts with a painless sore and can spread through the body if untreated. It can also pass to a baby during pregnancy.
Symptoms
- Painless sore on genitals or mouth
- Rash on body or palms
- Mild fever
- Swollen glands
- Fatigue
- Later: nerve or heart problems if untreated
Causes
It spreads through contact with a sore during condomless sex, and sometimes from parent to child. Shared injection equipment can also contribute.
Treatment (general information)
Syphilis is treated with prescribed antibiotics, often penicillin injections depending on the stage. Partners should be tested and treated. Complete clinic follow-up.
Prevention
Use condoms, get regular STI testing if at risk, and avoid contact with sores. Pregnant people should be screened early.
When to see a doctor
Get tested quickly for an unexplained sore or rash, or after condomless sex with a new partner.
Frequently asked questions
- If the sore disappears, is infection gone?
- No. Bacteria can remain without clear symptoms. Full treatment and testing are still needed.
- Can it be cured?
- Yes, especially when found early. Later treatment can still help but needs closer medical care.