Infectious
Polio
Also known as: Poliomyelitis, Infantile paralysis
Polio condition guide: symptoms, causes, prevention, and when to seek care. Educational only — not a diagnosis.
Overview
Polio is caused by poliovirus and spreads mainly faecal–oral where hygiene is poor. Most people have mild or no symptoms, but some develop paralysis. Vaccination has removed nearly all cases worldwide.
Symptoms
- Fever
- Sore throat
- Headache
- Nausea
- Stiff neck
- Weakness or paralysis of limbs
Causes
The virus enters through contaminated water or food, and sometimes droplets. Unvaccinated children are at highest risk.
Treatment (general information)
There is no specific antiviral cure. Care supports breathing, pain control, and rehabilitation. Prevention by vaccine is the main approach.
Prevention
Ensure children receive all polio vaccine doses. Use safe water and wash hands after toilet use.
When to see a doctor
Seek urgent care for sudden limb weakness, breathing trouble, or fever with stiff neck in a child.
Frequently asked questions
- Does polio still exist in Tanzania?
- Cases are rare thanks to vaccination, but outbreaks can return where coverage falls. Keep to the vaccine schedule.
- Is the polio vaccine safe?
- Yes. Vaccines used in national programmes are well studied and protect communities.