Respiratory
Common cold
Also known as: Upper respiratory infection, Viral cold
Common cold condition guide: symptoms, causes, prevention, and when to seek care. Educational only — not a diagnosis.
Overview
The common cold is caused by several viruses, especially rhinoviruses. It spreads easily in homes and schools. Most cases ease on their own within a few days to a week.
Symptoms
- Stuffy or runny nose
- Mild cough
- Sore throat
- Sneezing
- Low fever
- Mild tiredness
Causes
Viruses spread through droplets and by touching contaminated surfaces then the nose or eyes. Cold weather itself does not cause a cold, but it can increase close indoor contact.
Treatment (general information)
Rest, drink fluids, and use age-appropriate fever or congestion relief with advice. Antibiotics do not treat viruses. Young children need extra caution with medicines.
Prevention
Wash hands, cover coughs, avoid touching your face, and stay home when you feel quite unwell.
When to see a doctor
Seek care if breathing is hard, fever is high, symptoms last beyond a week, or a child looks very weak.
Frequently asked questions
- Do I need antibiotics?
- For a typical cold, no. They are used only if a clinician confirms a bacterial infection.
- Could it be COVID-19?
- Symptoms can overlap. Testing may be needed if risk is high or health guidance recommends it.