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Mouth ulcers (aphthous ulcers)

Also known as: Canker sores, Aphthous stomatitis

Mouth ulcers (aphthous ulcers) condition guide: symptoms, causes, prevention, and when to seek care. Educational only — not a diagnosis.

Overview

Aphthous ulcers are pale or red sores inside the mouth, not the same as outer cold sores. They are often linked to stress, minor injury, or nutrient gaps. They are not usually spread by touch.

Symptoms

  • A painful sore inside the cheek or tongue
  • Pain with salty or spicy food
  • A small bump before the sore appears
  • Occasional trouble talking
  • Sores that return from time to time
  • No fever in mild cases

Causes

Stress, biting the cheek, harsh dental products, low iron or B12, and some immune conditions can contribute.

Treatment (general information)

Avoid salty and acidic foods, use soothing gels if advised, and manage pain. Sores lasting more than two weeks need assessment.

Prevention

Reduce stress, use a soft toothbrush, avoid biting lips, and treat nutrient deficiencies.

When to see a doctor

Seek care for large sores, very frequent flares, fever, or sores that do not heal after two weeks.

Frequently asked questions

Is it contagious?
Aphthous ulcers are usually not contagious like cold-sore herpes.
Do tomatoes make them worse?
For some people acidic foods sting more. Avoid them during flares if they trigger you.

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